Islamic
Online University
Bachelor
of Arts in Islamic Studies
Aqeedah
101 Assignment
Question
: Often scholars are raised above their status by those who follow
them blindly. Attributes exclusive for ALLAH have been attributed to
some of them.
A.
Write
a short biography on Abdul Qadir Jeelani.
B.
The reality behind
his belief.
C.
Did he propagate that which his followers ascribe to him?
Answer:
A.
Biography
His
full name was : Abdul Qadir bin Abu Shalih Musa Janki Dausat bin Abu
Abdullah bin Yahya Az-Zahid bin Muhammad bin Dawud bin Musa bin
Abdullah bin Musa Al-Jun bin Abdullah Al-Mahadh. Born in Jailan
(hence the name Al-Jeelani) on 471 H. He went to Baghdad for study
when he's 18 and
passed away on 8th Rabiul-awal 561
H1
Fiqh
and Ushul
fiqh
:
- Abu khaththab Mahfudz bin Ahmad bin Hasan bin Ahmad Al-Kaludzani Abu Thalib Al-Baghdadi one of Hambali mahdzab's imam.
- Abu Said Al-Mubarak bin Ali Al-Makhzumi
- Abu Al-Wafa' Ali bin Aqil bin Abdullah Al-Baghdadi
Learn
Hadits
from :
- Abu Muhammad Ja'far bin Ahmad Al-Baghdadi
- Abu Qasim Ali bin Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Bayan
- Abu Abdullah Yahya bin Imam Abu Ali Hasan bin Ahmad bin Banna
Learn
Tasawuf
from : Hammad bin Muslim Ad-Dabbas.
He
spent his time teaching and ibadah,
so he didn't produce many books. His work : “Al-Ghinyah
Lithalib Al-Haq Azza wa Jalla”
contain fiqh,
aqidah, quran, taubat, taqwa,
heaven, and hell. While Fatooh
Al-Gayb,
written by his student Zainudin Al-Murshafi Ash-Shayyad is
compilation of Asy-Syaikh's
advices and thoughts taken from his halaqah3.
B.
The
reality behind his belief
In
Indonesia, Syaikh Abqdul Qadir Jeelani is well known as the founder
of Qadiriyah,
one of Sufi's
tariqat.
They referred to him as The
Quthb,
The
Great
Awliya.
His
interest in Tasawuf,
is because he came from pious family, his father was known a pious
ahlul
ibadah
with good akhlak,
while
some fuqaha
he met on rihlah,
was a disappointment. Since Asy-Syaikh lived in the madzhab
fanaticism era, where khilafah
was run
based on certain madzhab
without considering the maslahat
of ummat,
he strongly disagree with how some fuqaha
behave. Following desire, trading
knowledge for worldly benefit, he felt
its because these fuqaha's
soul was empty from taqwa,
they lack the muraqabatullah.
This is probably why, he even decide to study under a Sufi
which very concern of inner-self4.
But
having studied fiqh,
and hadits
with correct understanding, he did not infected by the philosophical
thinking, ilmul
kalam,
and Sufi's
interpretation of Islam5.
As a proof, we find in his books6
:
- Concerning Eemaan : “We believe that Eemaan is the statement of the tongue, the affirmation of the heart and action of the limbs, it increases with obedience and decreases with disobedience. It is strengthened with knowledge and weakened with ignorance…”(Al-Ghuniyyah (1/135).
- Concerning Tawheed : “The soul is inclined to obey its creator because The Robb is his creator and master and it (the soul) is dependent in worshiping its Robb” (Fatooh Al-Gayb (pg.21).
- Concerning Asmaa Was-Sifaat : “In regard to this we do not leave the Book and the Sunnah. We recite the verses and the narrations and have faith in them and we leave the kayfiyyah (howness-of these) attributes to Allah.” (Al-Ghuniyyah (1/125).
While
concerning Ibadah,
from Al-Ghuniyyah
: “All ibadah
like shaum,
qurban, shalat, dzikr,
wont be acceptable unless after repent and clean ones heart, sincere
for Allah, leaving riya
and sum'ah.”7
According
to Asy-Syaikh, sufi
is someone with pure inner-self and outer follows Kitabullah
and Sunnah8.
In reality, sufi
follow Al-Hallaj beliefs9,
even though Ibnu Taimiyyah reported that Asy-Syaikh once said :
“whoever have belief as Al-Hallaj with statements in which he wass
executed, is kafir
murtad
according to ijma.
He was executed for having faith in hulul,
wihdatul wujud,
and other zindiq
and kafir
statements”10
Asy-Syaikh
also said on Fatooh
Al-Gayb
that when
theres a whisper and inspiration, weigh it with Quran
and Sunnah,
if its forbidden leave it, because its from syaithon.
As if he tried to undo the tradition of Sufi
that kasyaf,
whisper and inspiration can be a base of ibadah
and make halal
all that haram11.
The
tariqat
ascribe to him is not another madhab
or sect, it is the way of the Salafus-sholih
: “Let all of you follow without making innovation, and follow the
way of the pious predecessor and walk the straight path.”12
C.
Did he propagate that which his followers ascribe to him?
Syaikh
Abdul Qadir Jeelani's mastery of 13 science branches, and fact that
he is pious and ascetic, appeal many peoples from various elements to
attend his halaqah,
even
kings, wazir
and hundreds of
other scholars.
His words and advices is wasilah
for human repentance, and increasing eeman13.
So its not
surprising that everyone loves him deeply.
Unfortunately,
the excessive love to Asy-Syaikh
have become a cult. Qadiriyyah
built a dome above his grave. Theres even compilation of unrealistic
stories said to be his karomah
in “Bahjatu
Al-Asrar wa Ma'dinu Al-Anwar fi Ba'di Manaqib Al-Quthb Ar-Rabbani
Abdul Qadir Al-Jeelani”
by Ali bin Yusuf Asy-Syathnufi14.
These deviant even more by attributed some of Allah's attributes to
Asy-Syaikh,
believing
that the Quthb
is assisting Allah in controlling the universe15.
Asy-Syaikh's
Manaqib16
contain not only his biography, his virtue, and karomah
ascribed
to him, but also poetic du'a
calling
on to him. Praying to Asy-Syaikh,
to lift troubles in life, is a form of shirk in ibadaah17.
In Indonesia,
“Manakiban”18,
halaqah
where they read manaqib,
is a
form of ghuluw
to Asy-Syaikhs
held on his
haul,
and on every important life-event
believing
it as tawassul
and
tabarruk. No
story of him propagate this to his follower, in fact, Qadiriyyah
doesn't even sure who started it19.
Asy-Syaikh
himself already denied and even put warning on Fatooh
Al-Ghayb
: “Follow without innovate, obey and dont violate, perform tauhid
and dont commit shirk”20.
Its confusing how Qadiriyyah
is following false words from unclear sanad,
but leaving Asy-syaikh's
wasiyat
on his books.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Ahlulhadith
“In Defence of The Imaam, Shaikh Abdul-Qaadir Jeelaanee” Ahlul
hadeeth – The Way Of The Salaf
09/09/2007 web Sun 13 Oct 2013
<http://ahlulhadeeth.wordpress.com/tag/abdul-qadir-jilani/>
Bin
Jamal Zainu, Muhammad. Koreksi
Pemahaman Tasawuf Menurut Timbangan Al-Quran Dan As-sunnah.
[Ash-shufiyah Fii Miizaanil Kitab was Sunnah] Tangerang : Pustaka
Al-Isnad, 2011. Print.
Isnaini,
Abu Ismail Muhammad Rijal, Lc. "Manakiban, Ghuluw Terhadap
Syaikh Abdul Qadir-Jailani" Artikel
Islam Pustaka Ibnul Jazari.
N.p., 20 Jan. 2012. Web. 26 Oct. 2013.
<http://salafartikel.wordpress.com/2012/01/20/manakiban-ghuluw-terhadap-syaikh-abdul-qadir-jailani/>.
Musfir
Al Qahthani, Said Bin, DR. Buku
Putih Syaikh Abdul Qadir Al-Jailani.
[As-Syaikh Abdul Qadir Al-Jeelani wa Arauhu Al-'Itiqadiyah
wa Ash-Shufiyah] 1st ed. Jakarta: Darul Falah, 2003. Print.
Philips,
Bilal, DR. "1." The
Fundamentals of Tawheed.
“2nd
ed. Riyadh: International Islamic Publishing House, 2005. 37. Print.
Ta'rifin,
Achmad. "Tafsir Budaya Atas Tradisi Barzanji Dan
Manakib." Ringkasan
Hasil Penelitian
Kompetitif
2nd
ser. 7 (2010): 5-6. E-journal
STAIN Pekalongan.
Web. 26 Oct. 2013.
1
Dr. Said bin Musfir Al-Qahthani, Buku
Putih Syaikh Abdul Qadir Al-Jeelani,
[As-Syaikh Abdul Qadir Al-Jeelani Wa Arauhu Al-‘Itiqadiyah wa
Ash-Shufiyah] (Jakarta : Darul Falah, 2003), 13-17
2
Al-Qahthani, 20-24*
3
Al-Qahthani, 30-31*
4
Al-Qahthani, 424*
5
Al-Qahthani, 424*
6
Ahlul Hadeeth, “In Defence Of The Imaam, Syeikh
Abdul-Qadeer Jeelanee” Ahlul hadeeth
– The Way Of The Salaf 09/09/2007,
web, Sun, 13 Oct 2013
<http://ahlulhadeeth.woordpress.com/tag/abdul-qadir-jilani/>
7
Al-Qahthani, 98*
8
Al-Qahthani, 401*
9
Asy-Syaikh Muhammad bin Jamil Zainu,
KoreksiPemahaman Tasawuf Menurut
Timbangan Al-Quran dan As-Sunnah,
[Asy-Syufiyah Fii Miizaanil Kitab wa Sunnah] (Tangerang : Pustaka
Al-Isnaad, 2011), 5
10
Al-Qahthani, 39 – 40*
11
Al-Qahthani, 518*
12
Al-Qahthani, 47*
13
Al-Qahthani, 28-29*
14
Al-Qahthani, 470 - 471*
15
Zainu, 15*
16
Abu Ismail Muhammad Rijal Isnaini,
Lc., "Manakiban, Ghuluw Terhadap Syaikh Abdul
Qadir-Jailani" Artikel
Islam Pustaka Ibnul Jazari.
N.p., 20 Jan. 2012. Web. 26 Oct. 2013.
<http://salafartikel.wordpress.com/2012/01/20/manakiban-ghuluw-terhadap-syaikh-abdul-qadir-jailani/>.
17
DR. Bilal Philips, “I”, “The Fundamentals
Of Tahweed” 2nd ed, (Riyadh : International Publishing House)
18
Isnaini*
19
Achmad Ta’rifin, “Tafsir Budaya Atas Tradisi
Barzanji Dan Manakib.” Ringkasan Hasil Penelitian Kompetitif 2nd
ser.7 (2010) ; 5-6; E-Journal STAIN Pekalongan. Web. 26 Oct. 2013
<http://e-journal.stain.pekalongan.ac.id/index.php/Pene;itian/article/viewFile/107/86>
20
Al-Qahthani, 345*
No comments:
Post a Comment