LEARN ISLAM "TERM 4" Week 5; Class - 'FIQH - 'Pillars, Obligations, Types & Performing of Hajj'
Hajj pillars (arkaan):
1. Ihraam.
2. Standing in ‘Arafah.
3. Tawaaf al-ifadah.
4. Sa’y.
Hajj obligatories (waajibaat):
1. Ihraam from meeqaat
2. Standing in ‘Arafah till sunset.
3. Sleeping in Muzdalifah.
4. Sleeping in Mina.
5. Stoning the jamaraat.
6. Shaving or cutting the hair.
7. Tawaaf al-wadaa’ (last tawaf).
Note: - If he misses a waajib, he has to sacrifice a sheep (or 1/7 of a camel or 1/7 of a cow).
Definition of ihraam:
The intention to enter the state of hajj.
Muhrim: The person in the state of ihraam.
Ihraam restrictions:
Same as that of Umrah.
Hajj is one of the best acts of worship. It is one of the pillars of Islam with which Allaah sent Muhammad and without which a person’s religious commitment is incomplete.
Worship cannot bring a person closer to Allaah and cannot be accepted unless it meets two conditions:
1 – Sincerity towards Allaah alone, i.e., it is done to seek the Countenance of Allaah and the Hereafter, and is not done to show off, to enhance one’s reputation or for worldly gain.
2 – Following the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) in word and deed. Following the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) can only be achieving by knowing his Sunnah.
Types of Hajj
There are three types of Hajj: Tamattu’, Ifraad and Qiraan.
Tamattu’ Performing umrah in the months of hajj and detach oneself from umrah and in the 8th day of Dhul-hijjah make ihraam to perform hajj.
Tamattu’ means entering ihraam for ‘Umrah only during the months of Hajj (the months of Hajj are Shawwaal, Dhu’l-Qi’dah and Dhu’l-Hijjah; see al-Sharh al-Mumti’, 7/62). When the pilgrim reaches Makkah he performs tawaaf and saa’i for ‘Umrah, and shaves his head or cuts his hair, and exits ihraam. Then when the day of al-Tarwiyah, which is the 8th of Dhu’l-Hijjah, comes, he enters ihraam for Hajj only, and does all the actions of Hajj. So Tamattu’ involves a complete ‘Umrah and a complete Hajj.
Ifraad means entering ihraam for Hajj only. When the pilgrim reaches Makkah he performs tawaaf al-qudoom (tawaaf of arrival) and saa’i for Hajj, but he does not shave or cut his hair and does not exit ihraam, rather he remains in ihraam until he exits ihraam after stoning Jamarat al-‘Aqabah on the day of Eid. If he delays the saa’i of Hajj until after the tawaaf of Hajj, there is nothing wrong with that.
Qiraan means entering ihraam for ‘Umrah and Hajj both together. Or entering ihraam for ‘Umrah first then including Hajj in that before starting the tawaaf of Hajj. That is done by intending that his tawaaf and saa’i will be for both Hajj and ‘Umrah.
The actions done in Qiraan are the same as those done in Ifraad, except that the pilgrim doing Qiraan has to offer a hadiy (sacrifice) whereas the pilgrim doing Ifraad does not.
The best of these three types of Hajj is Tamattu’. This is what the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) enjoined upon his companions and urged them to do. Even if a person enters ihraam for Qiraan or Ifraad, then it is strongly recommended for him to change his intention to ‘Umrah, then complete ‘Umrah and exit ihraam, so that he will then be doing Tamattu’. He may do that after doing tawaaf al-qudoom and saa’i – because when the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) did tawaaf and saa’i during his Farewell Pilgrimage, and his companions were with him, he told everyone who did not have a sacrificial animal (hadiy) to change his intention and make his ihraam for ‘Umrah and to cut his hair and exit ihraam, and he said, “Were it not that I have brought the hadiy with me, I would do what I have commanded you to do.”
Performing the Hajj
Dear Brothers & Sisters, in what follows you will find some simple symbols indicating what is a rukn (pillar), a waajib or a sunnah. These symbols are as follows: (***) for rukn, (**) for waajib, (*) for sunnah. Be aware that whoever leaves out something which is a rukn, their Hajj is incomplete and cannot be compensated for unless that rukn is done. And whoever leaves out a waajib, they will have to expiate for it.
Eighth Thul Hijjah (1st Day of Hajj)
The eight day of Thul Hijjah is known as Yawm at-Tarwiyah.
*For the one doing Hajj at-Tamattu’, then before entering the state of ihraam it is prescribed for them to do the following: take a bath, clip nails, trim moustache, remove unwanted hair (armpits and pubic) and wear two pieces of white cloth (towels/sheets). However, women wear “normal” clothing without wearing gloves or the niqaab. As for the one doing Qiraan or Ifraad, they are already in ihraam so they cannot trim their hair or clip nails etc…
*At the time of Dhuhaa (late morning), make your intention for Hajj from the place you are at (i.e. residence) saying Labbayka Hajjan
*If you fear that something may prevent you from completing the Hajj, then place the following condition upon intending the Hajj: (and if I am prevented by an obstacle then indeed my place is where You prevented me). If you do not have such a fear, then don’t place this condition.
**After intending Hajj, you must refrain from doing those things which are prohibited while in ihraam.
*Recite the talbiyah often:
Continue saying it until you pelt the large Jamarah (stone pillar) on the tenth of Thul Hijjah.
*Proceed towards Minaa while reciting the talbiyah and offer Thuhr, ‘Asr, Maghrib, ‘Ishaa and Fajr at Mina (all at their appointed times). Shorten the prayers (two raka’ah for the ones which are normally 4) but do not combine them. This applies to everyone.
*Be keen to recite the athkaar (words of remembrance) after the prescribed prayers as well as the athkaar of the morning and evening.
*Sleep the night in Minaa.
Some Errors Committed on the Eighth
1. Not educating oneself about the proper manner of performing Hajj (through authentic books and asking scholars). Rather, we find that many people set out for the Hajj and make their way through it looking at what others (laypeople) are doing. It is as though they are saying: ”I’ll do as I see the people doing”. This is true ignorance and those who err due to this attitude will not be excused. Allaah has made it a duty on us to seek knowledge concerning that which we are ignorant of as He says:
…so ask the people of the message (i.e. scholars) if you do not know. (21:7)
2. Many pilgrims expose their right shoulders from this day until the end of the Hajj, but this is incorrect as this act is only prescribed at the time of the initial tawaaf (al-qudoom).
3. Many women think that their ihraam clothing must be of a particular colour (white or green for example), but this is incorrect. Rather, she wears “ordinary” clothing, observing the rules of hijaab and refraining from wearing gloves and the niqaab (as stated previously).
4. Some pilgrims prepare themselves for the ihraam by doing things forbidden in the Sharee’ah such as shaving their beards and wearing the lower garment below the ankles. These are forbidden and diminish the rewards of the Hajj.
5. Some pilgrims do not spend the night in Minaa, but rather proceed directly on this night to ‘Arafah. This conflicts with the guidance of the Prophet (sallallaahu ‘alayhi wa sallam).
6. Many pilgrims supplicate using supplications they do not understand nor know the source of. Very often, they simply repeat supplications found in books that happen to fall into their hands. However, one should supplicate using authentic supplications found in the Quraan and Sunnah as well as supplicating in one’s own language, asking for what they need from the bottom of their hearts.
Ninth Thul Hijjah (2nd day of Hajj)
*After praying Fajr and after the sun has risen, proceed towards ‘Arafah while reciting the talbiyah and glorifying Allaah saying: Allahu Akbar (Allaah is Great, there is no deity besides Allaah, Allaah is Great and all praise is for Allaah)
*It is disliked to fast on this day as the Prophet S.A.Wspent the day while he was not fasting.
*It is sunnah to remain at Namirah until zawaal (after sun passes by its zenith) if possible.
*There is a khutbah (sermon) delivered at that time and it is followed by praying Thuhr and ‘Asr combined with one athaan and two iqaamahs.
***Enter into ‘Arafah making certain that you are within the boundaries of ‘Arafah. Note that a large part of masjid Namirah is not inside ‘Arafah.
*Spend your time remembering Allaah, humbling yourself before Him and supplicating to Him with sincerity, submissiveness and presence of heart.
*All of ‘Arafah is a place to “stand”. However, if possible, stand at the foot of the mountain (hill) known as Jabal Rahmah placing it between yourself and the qiblah.
*It is not from the sunnah to climb the mountain as many do.
*Make du’aa (supplicate) until Maghrib, facing the qiblah with hands raised. Be humbly submissive and try to always be present with your heart. Don’t make the mistake of wasting your time, laughing, joking, sleeping and engaging in useless talk.
*Say the following in abundance: the talbiyah, invoke salaah and salaam on the Prophet S.A.W. and say
LA ILLAAHA ILL ALLAH WAHDAHUU LAA SAHRIKAH, LAHULL MULKUU WA LAHUL HAMDUU WA HUWA A'LAA KULLI SHAIY'IN QADEER.
(There is no deity besides Allaah alone, He has no partner, to Him belongs the Dominion, to Him belongs all praise and He is over all things capable)
**Do not leave ‘Arafah before sunset.
The Prophet (sallallaahu ‘alyhi wa sallam) said: "On no other day does the Satan feel so belittled, humiliated, and angry as he does on the Day of Arafah." The reason for this is the mercy of Allaah that descends (this day) and the forgiveness that He grants to people for major sins (Maalik)
**After sunset, proceed calmly towards Muzdalifah.
**When you arrive at Muzdalifah, pray Maghrib and ‘Ishaa combined. In the event you are stuck on route and fear you will only reach Muzdalifah after half the night has passed, then pray wherever you are.
**Sleep until Fajr.
Some Errors Committed on the Ninth
- Some pilgrims stand outside the boundary of ‘Arafah. Make certain that you are not in that situation since if this happens to you, you will have to complete the remaining rites of Hajj but would have to repeat the entire Hajj the following year. This Hajj will not count.
- Some pilgrims fast on this day and this is in contrast with the sunnah.
- Making unreasonable efforts to reach Jabal ar-Rahmah and to climb it.
- Wasting time in joking, sleeping, and useless talk instead of keeping busy with du’aa and thikr.
- Rushing and pushing and shoving while leaving ‘Arafah. One should leave calmly.
- Not determining the direction of the qiblah when praying in Muzdalifah.
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